MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
ForMAX is an advanced beamline at MAX IV Laboratory, enabling multi-scale structural characterisation of hierarchical materials from nm to mm length scales with high temporal resolution. It combines full-field microtomography with small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering (SWAXS) techniques, operating at 8-25 keV and providing a variable beam size. The beamline supports SWAXS, scanning SWAXS imaging, absorption contrast tomography, propagation-based phase contrast tomography, and fast tomography. The experimental station is a versatile in-house design, tailored for various sample environments, allowing seamless integration of multiple techniques in the same experiment. The end station features a nine-meter-long evacuated flight tube with a motorized small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) detector trolley. Additionally, a granite gantry enables independent movement of the tomography microscope and custom-designed wide-angle x-ray (WAXS) detector. These features facilitate efficient switching and sequential combination of techniques. With commissioning completed in 2022, ForMAX End Station has demonstrated excellent performance and reliability in numerous high-quality experiments.
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
SAPOTI will be the second nanoprobe to be installed at the CARNAÚBA (Coherent X-Ray Nanoprobe Beamline) beamline at the 4th-generation light source Sirius at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Working in the energy range from 2.05 to 15 keV, it has been designed for simultaneous multi-analytical X-ray techniques, including absorption, diffraction, spectroscopy, fluorescence and luminescence, and imaging in 2D and 3D. Highly-stable fully-coherent beam with monochromatic flux up to 1011ph/s/100mA-/0.01%BW and size between 35 and 140 nm is expected with an achromatic KB (Kirkpatrick-Baez) focusing optics, whereas a new in-vacuum high-dynamic cryogenic sample stage has been developed aiming at single-nanometer-resolution images via high-performance 2D mapping and tomography. This work reviews and updates the entire high-performance mechatronic design and architecture of the station, as well as the integration results of its several modules, including automation, thermal management, dynamic performance, and positioning and scanning capabilities. Commissioning at the beamline is expected in early 2024.
TUOBM03
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
TUOBM04
SSRF, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
In order to measure the operando synchrotron radiation crystal monochromator performance, an analysis crystal in the configuration perpendicular to the monochromator is used to carry out the dispersion modulation of the beam in the horizontal direction, so that the 2D spatial distribution of the diffraction spot could have the energy spectrum characteristics. Through analysis of photon numbers in different positions, the spatial distribution of photon flux and peak shift can be obtained to characterize the changes in the beam energy spectrum which can quantitatively reflect the characteristics of the monochromator. In this paper, a special detecting system consisting of an orthogonal analyzer and a 2D imaging camera was used to analyze the spectrum characteristics of beam variation, which could be used to quantitatively measure the energy bandwidth of monochromator, the thermal deformation of crystal and the stability of beam angle. The spectral resolution of the system is only determined by the pixel size of the imaging camera. The quantitative characterization of operando monochromator performance is realized, which provides data support for beamline performance optimization.
IHEP, People’s Republic of China
The multilayer Laue lens (MLL) is a promising optical element with large numerical aperture and aspect ratio in synchrotron radiation facility. Two multilayers with 63(v)×43(h) ¿m2 aperture and focal spot size of 8.1(v)×8.1(h)nm2 at 10keV are fabricated by a 7-meter-long Laue lens deposition machine. Ultrafast laser etching, dicing and FIB are used to fabricate the multilayer into two-dimensional lenses meeting the requirement of diffraction dynamics. The multilayer grows flat without distortion and shows an amorphous structure characterized by TEM and SAED. The smallest accumulated layer position error is below ±5 nm in the whole area and the rms error is about 2.91nm by SEM and image processing. The focusing performance of MLL with actual film thickness is calculated by a method based on the Takagi¿Taupin description (TTD). The full width at half maximum(FWHM) of focus spot is 8.2×8.4 nm2 which is close to the theoretical result.
ALBA-CELLS, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
Cosine Measurement Systems, Warmond, The Netherlands
ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
PTB, Berlin, Germany
In this paper we present the newly built beamline MINERVA, an X-ray facility at the ALBA synchrotron. The beamline has been designed to support the development of the X ray observatory ATHENA (Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics). MINERVA will host the necessary metrology equipment to integrate the stacks produced by cosine in a mirror module (MM) and characterize their optical performances. The optical and mechanical design is based on the XPBF 2.0 from the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), at BESSY II already in use to this effect and its construction is meant to significantly augment the capability to produce MM. The development of MINERVA has addressed the need for improved technical specifications, overcome existing limitations and achieve enhanced mechanical performances. We describe the design, construction process and implementation of Minerva that lasted three years. Even though the beamline is still under a commissioning phase, we expose tests and analysis that have been recently performed, remarking the improvements accomplished and the challenges to overcome, in order to reach the operational readiness for the mirror modules mass production.
TUOBM07
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China